•  
  •  
 

Information for Authors

About the Journal

The journal of legal studies is issued by college of law is an Open Access international, peer-reviewed journal publishing high-quality, original research. Please see the journal's Aims & Scope for information about its focus and peer-review policy.

Open Access means you can publish your research so it is free to access online as soon as it is published, meaning anyone can read (and cite) your work.

Please note that this journal only publishes manuscripts in English.

The journal of legal studies is issued by college of law accepts the following types of article: original papers, reviews, Editorial paper.

Language

Clear and succinct writing in English is required for manuscripts. Before submitting their work, authors who struggle with idiomatic English are encouraged to get help. Grammar correction is not anticipated of reviewers, and any shortcomings in this area could undermine the paper's scientific value and cause approval delays or rejection.

Types of Articles

Original papers, brief communications, reviews, and micro reviews are the four categories of submissions the journal aims to publish.

  1. Original articles: These are works that demonstrate in-depth investigation in a range of scientific fields.
  2. Brief communications: These ought to be comprehensive texts of noteworthy significance. Their depth and/or length, however, do not warrant a full-length paper.
  3. Review articles: Include current references and unstructured abstracts. Reviews are what meta-analyses are regarded as. The educational value of review papers will get particular consideration.
  4. Mini-reviews: These are succinct, laser-focused summaries of significant and contemporary subjects.
  5. Editorials: These pieces ought to offer analysis of contemporary technological and engineering problems.

Before Submission

Please ensure that your manuscript satisfies the requirements listed below:

  1. Your manuscript is unique and has not been published or is presently being reviewed by another conference proceedings or journal.
  2. Your study complies with all research ethics requirements. If the work uses human or animal subjects, a separate "Ethics Approval" section should be included in the publication.
  3. The document is in acceptable English and should be free of spelling and grammar mistakes.
  4. The IJCSM template (Manuscript Template) should be followed while editing the manuscript.
  5. Your figures are uploaded as distinct files and are of a respectable quality.
  6. The format and numbering of your references match those in the text. Kindly display the reference style.

Only high-quality articles that fit the journal's objectives and scope will be reviewed. The journal's guidelines, which are listed below, must be followed by manuscripts. Submissions that do not follow these rules will either be rejected or sent back to the author before peer review.

Preparation of Manuscripts

Authors should submit their manuscripts to the editorial office as word files (word 2007 or higher) via the online Manuscript Tracking System. Manuscripts with mathematical content can also be submitted in Latex.

The original manuscript should be formatted with double line spacing using Times New Roman fonts (10 pt) and fully justified right and left.

The text must be in a single-column format with justified margins. Use bold face, italics, subscripts, and superscripts where appropriate.

To avoid unnecessary errors, the authors are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of their word processing software.

Use continuous line numbering throughout the text and all manuscript pages must be numbered.

Use the equation editor or Math Type for equations.

Use the table function to make tables.

Use the decimal system of heading with no more than three levels , for instance, 1., 2., 2.1, 2.1.1, …etc.

Online Submission

One of the authors of the paper should submit it using the online paper Tracking System (MTS) by following the on-screen directions. The MTS does not have a page restriction and only accepts Word (.doc, .docx, and .rtf) files. We will not accept submissions from anyone who is not one of the authors. During submission and peer review, the submitting author assumes responsibility for the manuscript. If the author is unable to submit through the MTS for any technical reason, they can seek assistance from the IJCSM Editorial Board.

Initial Evaluation

The Editorial Office will review all submitted articles to make sure they are written correctly and adhere to the journal's ethical guidelines. iThenticate software is used to check all submitted publications for possible plagiarism. Before peer review, manuscripts that do not adhere to the journal's standards or ethics policy will be rejected. Without a scientific assessment, incomplete papers that are not prepared in the recommended style will be returned to the authors. Following these reviews, the Editorial Office will confer with the journal's Editor-in-Chief to ascertain whether the paper is scientifically sound and within the journal's scope.

Submissions that don't have enough priority for publishing will be turned down right away. Please use proper English while writing; American use is OK. A manuscript may be rejected by the editor for lack of appropriate linguistic quality. The Editor-in-Chief will confirm reject choices at this point.

Submission Declaration and Verification

When you submit a research article to be published by the journal, you must attest and guarantee that:

  1. You have received permission from any coauthors to submit the research article;
  2. (a) You are the article's sole author or authors and that you have the legal capacity and right to submit the article and give the journal permission to publish it. I/we shall inform the journal at the time of submission if the legislation mandates that the paper be published in the public domain.
  3. (b) The research article is unique, hasn't been published in another journal (medical or otherwise), isn't being considered for publication by another journal, and doesn't violate any copyright or other legal rights;
  4. (c) Nothing in the article is illegal, defamatory, or would, if published, constitute a breach of confidentiality or a contract;
  5. (d) The research article or articles were prepared with due care, diligence, and all necessary investigations to ensure their accuracy. To the best of your knowledge, every statement that appears to be factual in it is accurate and truthful.

Article Structure

The manuscript should be compiled in the following order:

  1. Title page
  2. Abstract, Keywords
  3. Introduction
  4. Material and methods (Experimental or Methodology or Patients and methods)
  5. Results
  6. Discussion (Results and discussion can be combined in one section)
  7. Conclusion
  8. Acknowledgment(s)
  9. Conflicts of Interest
  10. References
  11. Tables
  12. Figures

Title Page

The title page should include the following in English and Arabic:

  1. Title: The title should be brief, concise, and descriptive. It should not contain any literature references or compound numbers or non-standardized abbreviations. It should be centered, typed in Times New Roman 14 point and boldface.
  2. Authors and affiliations: Supply given names, middle initials, and family names for complete identification. They should be centered beneath the title and typed in Times New Roman 11-point, non-italic, and boldface. Use superscript lowercase letters to indicate different affiliations, which should be as detailed as possible and must include department, faculty/college, University, the city with zip code or P.O. Box and country. The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where most of their work was done. if an author has subsequently moved, the current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated after the publication of the article.
  3. Corresponding author: Should be indicated with an asterisk, and contact details (Tel., fax, and e-mail address) should be placed in a footnote. If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the corresponding author.
  4. Title, Authors, and affiliations in Arabic should be provided in the same order as mentioned above on a separate page in the same file.
  5. Short running title (running head) with 80 characters as maximum.

Abstract

The abstract should be self-contained, citation-free, and should not exceed 300 words. The abstract should briefly describe the purpose of the study, how the investigation was performed, the most important results, and the principal conclusions that were drawn from the results, respectively. Nonstandard or uncommon abbreviations should be defined at first mention within the abstract. The abstract should be typed in Times New Roman, 9-point, non-italic and non-boldface.

Keywords

Authors are asked to provide (4 to 6) keywords, separated with semicolons, and should be typed in Times New Roman, 10-point, non-italic and non-boldface.

Introduction

This section should be succinct, with no subheadings. The author(s) should strive to define the significance of the work and the justification for its publication. Any background discussion should be brief and restricted to pertinent material.

Material and Methods (Experimental or Methodology or Patients and Methods)

Enough information should be included in this section to allow for the replication of every procedure. If multiple procedures are mentioned, it can be separated into subsections. When describing experiments, authors should be as brief as feasible. To ensure reproducibility, all relevant information must be included in the experimental section. Only pertinent alterations should be disclosed, and references to previously published methods should be included. For chemicals, reagents, strains, etc., all vendor information should be included, including business, city, and country. Please specify the relevant test or tests for statistical analysis together with a postulated p-value or significant level (e.g., 0.05).

Results and Discussion

They should be combined. The study results should be clear and concise. Restrict the use of tables and figures to depict data that is essential to the message and interpretation of the study. The results should be presented in a logical sequence in the text, tables, and illustrations. The discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. Include in the discussion the implications of the findings and their limitations, how the findings fit into the context of other relevant work, and directions for future research.

Conclusion(s)

The main conclusion(s) of the study should be presented in a short conclusion statement highlighting the goals of the study and its importance. State new hypotheses when warranted. Include recommendations when appropriate.

Acknowledgment(s)

All acknowledgments (if any) should be included at the very end of the manuscript before the references. Anyone who made a contribution to the research or manuscript, but who is not a listed author, should be acknowledged (with their permission).

Conflicts of Interest

Authors must declare all relevant interests that could be perceived as conflicting. Authors should explain why each interest may represent a conflict. If no conflicts exist, the authors should state this. Submitting authors are responsible for co-authors declaring their interests.

References

Text: Indicate references by Arabic numerals in brackets, which run in order of appearance throughout the text (Vancouver style). For instance [4] or [7-10, 13, 15]. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

Figures

Figures and tables should not be submitted in separate files. If the article is accepted, authors will be asked to provide the source files of the figures. Each figure should be supplied in a separate electronic file. All figures should be cited in the manuscript in consecutive order. Figures should be supplied in either vector art formats (Illustrator, EPS, WMF, FreeHand, CorelDraw, PowerPoint, Excel, etc.) or bitmap formats (Photoshop, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, etc.). Bitmap images should be of 300 dpi resolution at least unless the resolution is intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If a bitmap image has labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers. Figures should be referred to as Fig. 1, Figs. 2 , 3-5, using Arabic numerals. Ensure that all tables, figures, and schemes are cited in the text in numerical order. Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).

Tables

Tables should be cited consecutively in the text. Every table must have a descriptive title and if numerical measurements are given, the units should be included in the column heading. Vertical rules should not be used. Figure and table captions should be 9-point Times New Roman, boldface, and non-italic. Initially capitalize only the first word of the caption. Figure captions are to be below the figures and Table titles are to be fully justified right and left above the table.

Nomenclature and Units

All measurements and data should be given in SI units where possible, or in other internationally accepted units in parentheses throughout the text. Illustrations and Tables should use conventional units, with conversion factors given in legends or footnotes.

Statements & Declarations

After the References section, under the subject "Statements and Declarations," please include the following statements in your article. Submissions that do not include these statements will be deemed incomplete and sent back for editing.

Funding: Authors must state how the research and publication of their article were funded, by naming financially supporting body(s) (written out in full) followed by associated grant number(s) in square brackets (if applicable).

Example Statements:
"This work was supported by [Funding Agency] (Grant numbers [###] and [###]). Author A.B. received research support from Company A." "The authors declare no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript."
“This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the National Science Foundation [grant number zzzz]; and a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant”. If the research did not receive specific funding but was performed as part of the employment of the authors, please name this employer. If the funder was involved in the manuscript writing, editing, approval, or decision to publish, please declare this.

Competing Interests: Disclose any financial or non-financial interests related to the work submitted for publication.

Example Statements:
"Financial interests: Author A and B have no financial interests. Author C received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M. Dr. C also received research funding from Company M and N. Author D received travel support from Company O. Non-financial interests: Author D served on advisory boards for Company M and N."
"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose."

Author Contributions: Outline the specific contributions of each author to the research and manuscript preparation.

Example Statement:
"All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by [Author Names]. The first draft was written by [Author Name], and all authors provided feedback on previous versions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."

Data Availability: You are encouraged to include a statement regarding the availability of the data that supports your study's findings. Indicate where the data can be found, such as a public repository, or if it’s available upon request.

Example Statements:
"The datasets generated during this study are available in the [Repository Name], [Link to Datasets]."
"The datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."
"No data was generated or analyzed during this study."

Ethics Approval: For studies involving human or animal subjects, confirm that the research was approved by the appropriate ethics committee, including the committee's name and reference number. If your study was exempt or didn’t require ethics approval, state this clearly.

Example Statements:
"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by [Ethics Committee Name] (Date.../No....)."
"This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee confirmed that no ethical approval was required."

Consent to Participate: For research involving human subjects, ensure that you obtained informed consent from participants (or their guardians if under 16). Include a statement to this effect in your manuscript

Example Statement:
"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study."

Consent to Publish: If your manuscript includes any personal data (e.g., images or videos), ensure that you have obtained consent for publication from the individuals involved. This is especially important for case studies.

Example Statement:
"The authors affirm that all participants provided informed consent for the publication of their data."
Additional Information For more details on completing these sections, please refer to the relevant sections in our journal’s guidelines.

Additional Information

For more details on completing these sections, please refer to the relevant sections in our journal’s guidelines.

Proofs

One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text, tables, and figures. We will do our best to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back in one communication within 48 hours. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that the publisher may proceed with the publication of an article if no response is received.

Revised Manuscripts

When you revise your manuscript, upload your revised submissions including the following files:

  • Revised manuscript: Clarifying the changes you have made since the original submission by using the "Track Changes" option in Microsoft Word. Upload this as a "Revised Article with Changes Highlighted" file.
  • Response to reviewers: Type the specific points made by each reviewer. Include your responses to all the reviewers' and editors' comments and list the changes you have made to the manuscript. Upload this document as a "Response to reviewers" file.
  • Revised manuscript (clean copy): Upload a clean copy of your revised manuscript that does not show your changes. Upload this as your "Manuscript" file.

After Acceptance

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to production to undergo typesetting. Once the typesetting is complete, you will receive the proofs.

Peer Review

The work goes through an editor's initial review procedure. The material will be reviewed in the office to find any serious methodological errors and to assess its appropriateness in light of our focus and scope. The work will be submitted to at least two anonymous reviewers as part of a Single Blind Review procedure. The linked author then receives the reviewers' remarks for any necessary responses and actions. An editorial board meeting will be held to assess the suggested option. The author, who is in charge of the related submission, will thereafter receive the final decision from the editor.

Periodically, the Research Integrity team looks for outside advice outside the purview of traditional peer review, especially for ideas with important security, biosecurity, ethical, or social implications. It is advisable to consult experts and the academic editor before making any judgments, including hiring reviewers with specific skills, having additional editors evaluate a contribution, or rejecting it.

Ethical Guidelines

The following ethical rules must be followed in any research involving either human or animal participants. Every human experiment must be carried out in compliance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. When presenting experimental work that involves a risk of damage to human subjects, manuscripts must mention that the experiments were approved by the relevant Ethical Committee and that the experiment was carried out with the subjects' knowledge and agreement. Any anesthetic or surgical techniques utilized, together with proof that every precaution was taken to prevent animal suffering at every stage of the experiment, must be fully described by the authors in the event of any animal experiments.

Complying with Ethics of Experimentation

Please make sure that any research mentioned in submitted articles has been carried out responsibly and ethically, and that it complies fully with all applicable laws and standards of experimentation. A written statement under an Ethics Approval section must be included in all original research papers involving people, animals, plants, biological material, protected or non-public datasets, collections, or places. This statement must include the following:

  • The name of the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.
  • The ID or number of the ethics approval or approvals.
  • A declaration attesting to the informed consent given by human subjects prior to their involvement in the study.
  • Animal welfare ethics must be followed when conducting research on animals. Every original study report that uses animals must adhere to national, international, and institutional standards for treating animals humanely.
  • Obtain approval from the ethics review committee of the organization or practice where the study was carried out.
  • In the Ethics Approval section, include information about the approval procedure, the names of the relevant institutional review board or ethics committees, and the number or ID of the ethics approval(s).
  • Explain why animals are used and which species were chosen.
  • Describe the measures done to reduce suffering, including shelter, nutrition, and environmental enrichment.
  • Offer euthanasia and anesthetic methods.

Studies in Humans and Animals

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. The manuscript should be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations (sex, age, and ethnicity) as per those recommendations. The terms sex and gender should be used correctly.

Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript that such guidelines have been followed. The sex of animals must be indicated, and where appropriate, the influence (or association) of sex on the results of the study.

Supplementary Materials

Authors can publish online supplementary files along with their articles or book chapters. Each supplementary file should include an article title, journal name, authors' names, affiliations, and email address of the corresponding author. Supplementary files will be published as received from the authors without any conversion, editing, or reforming.

Article Publishing Charge

The standard article publishing charge (APC) for this journal is free of charge, and there is no submission charge.